By Dr V Palanivel 
Industrial Law MCQs (With Answers)
- Which of the following Acts deals with the resolution of industrial disputes?
A) Factories Act, 1948
B) Industrial Disputes Act, 1947
C) Minimum Wages Act, 1948
D) Payment of Bonus Act, 1965
Answer: B) Industrial Disputes Act, 1947
- Under the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947, a strike is illegal if it is conducted:
A) With prior notice
B) During the pendency of conciliation proceedings
C) With approval of trade union
D) After proper negotiations
Answer: B) During the pendency of conciliation proceedings
- The minimum number of workers required to form a trade union is:
A) 5
B) 7
C) 10% or 100 workers, whichever is less
D) 100
Answer: C) 10% or 100 workers, whichever is less
- The main objective of the Factories Act, 1948 is:
A) Fixing minimum wages
B) Regulating trade unions
C) Ensuring health, safety, and welfare of workers
D) Encouraging foreign investment
Answer: C) Ensuring health, safety, and welfare of workers
- Lay-off and retrenchment provisions are part of which Act?
A) Trade Unions Act, 1926
B) Industrial Disputes Act, 1947
C) Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972
D) Employees’ Provident Funds Act, 1952
Answer: B) Industrial Disputes Act, 1947
- A ‘strike’ is defined in which of the following Acts?
A) Factories Act, 1948
B) Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act, 1946
C) Industrial Disputes Act, 1947
D) Contract Labour (Regulation & Abolition) Act, 1970
Answer: C) Industrial Disputes Act, 1947
- The Payment of Wages Act was enacted in which year?
A) 1936
B) 1948
C) 1952
D) 1961
Answer: A) 1936
- Which authority is responsible for adjudicating industrial disputes?
A) Supreme Court
B) Labour Court/Industrial Tribunal
C) Lok Adalat
D) High Court
Answer: B) Labour Court/Industrial Tribunal
- Which of the following is not an unfair labour practice under Indian Labour Laws?
A) Discouraging trade union membership
B) Employing workers at minimum wage
C) Victimizing employees
D) Threatening to close down the establishment
Answer: B) Employing workers at minimum wage
- Under the Trade Unions Act, 1926, registration of a trade union provides it:
A) Legal recognition and certain immunities
B) Access to public funds
C) Government control
D) Political affiliation
Answer: A) Legal recognition and certain immunities
Industrial Law MCQs-Factories Act 1948 MCQs (With Answers)
- The Factories Act, 1948 came into force on:
A) 1st April 1949
B) 1st May 1948
C) 1st April 1950
D) 1st March 1948
Answer: A) 1st April 1949
- The Factories Act, 1948 is applicable to factories employing:
A) 10 or more workers with power
B) 20 or more workers without power
C) Both A and B
D) Only A
Answer: C) Both A and B
- Who is defined as an “occupier” under the Factories Act, 1948?
A) The owner of the building
B) The person who has ultimate control over the affairs of the factory
C) The manager
D) The contractor
Answer: B) The person who has ultimate control over the affairs of the factory
- What is the maximum number of hours a worker can work per week under the Act?
A) 40 hours
B) 44 hours
C) 48 hours
D) 50 hours
Answer: C) 48 hours
- Which section of the Factories Act deals with “Health” provisions?
A) Chapter II
B) Chapter III
C) Chapter IV
D) Chapter V
Answer: A) Chapter II
- The minimum age for employment in a factory is:
A) 12 years
B) 14 years
C) 16 years
D) 18 years
Answer: B) 14 years
- Who is responsible for appointing inspectors under the Factories Act?
A) Supreme Court
B) Central Government
C) State Government
D) Labour Court
Answer: C) State Government
- A “young person” under the Factories Act refers to:
A) A person below 14 years
B) A person between 14 to 18 years
C) A person between 18 to 21 years
D) Any unmarried person
Answer: B) A person between 14 to 18 years
- Which of the following is not a welfare provision under the Act?
A) Canteen
B) Creche
C) First-aid appliances
D) Housing facility
Answer: D) Housing facility
- The maximum daily working hours allowed under the Act are:
A) 8 hours
B) 9 hours
C) 10 hours
D) 12 hours
Answer: B) 9 hours
Industrial Law MCQs- Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 MCQs (With Answers)
- When was the Industrial Disputes Act enacted?
A) 1946
B) 1947
C) 1948
D) 1950
Answer: B) 1947
- The Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 applies to:
A) Factories only
B) Mines only
C) All industrial establishments
D) Government offices
Answer: C) All industrial establishments
- The term “industrial dispute” under the Act refers to:
A) Dispute between employer and consumer
B) Dispute between government and employee
C) Dispute between employer and employees or among workmen
D) Dispute between two factories
Answer: C) Dispute between employer and employees or among workmen
- Which of the following is not a recognized authority under the Industrial Disputes Act?
A) Labour Court
B) Industrial Tribunal
C) Supreme Court
D) Conciliation Officer
Answer: C) Supreme Court
- Who is appointed to mediate and promote settlement of industrial disputes?
A) Arbitrator
B) Conciliation Officer
C) Labour Commissioner
D) Registrar
Answer: B) Conciliation Officer
- The minimum number of workers required to constitute a trade union under this Act is:
A) 10% or 100 workers, whichever is less
B) 5 workers
C) 7 workers
D) 50 workers
Answer: A) 10% or 100 workers, whichever is less
- Retrenchment is defined under which section of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947?
A) Section 2(oo)
B) Section 10
C) Section 25F
D) Section 12
Answer: A) Section 2(oo)
- How many days’ notice is required before retrenching a workman who has completed one year of continuous service?
A) 7 days
B) 15 days
C) 30 days
D) 45 days
Answer: C) 30 days
- Illegal strikes are defined under which section of the Act?
A) Section 22
B) Section 24
C) Section 25
D) Section 18
Answer: B) Section 24
- A strike without notice in a public utility service is:
A) Legal
B) Illegal
C) Optional
D) Encouraged
Answer: B) Illegal
Industrial Law MCQs – Workmen’s Compensation Act MCQs (With Answers)
- The Workmen’s Compensation Act was enacted in which year?
A) 1930
B) 1923
C) 1948
D) 1920
Answer: B) 1923
- The primary objective of the Workmen’s Compensation Act is to:
A) Provide employment to workers
B) Regulate working hours
C) Provide financial compensation for injury or death caused by work-related incidents
D) Protect trade union rights
Answer: C) Provide financial compensation for injury or death caused by work-related incidents
- The Workmen’s Compensation Act is applicable to:
A) Government servants only
B) Workers in mines, factories, construction sites, etc.
C) Agricultural workers only
D) All private employees
Answer: B) Workers in mines, factories, construction sites, etc.
- Compensation is not payable under the Act if the injury is:
A) Caused by accident during employment
B) Caused by intentional self-injury
C) Permanent total disablement
D) Caused due to machinery failure
Answer: B) Caused by intentional self-injury
- Which of the following injuries qualify for 100% compensation as per the Act?
A) Loss of one finger
B) Loss of hearing in one ear
C) Loss of both hands or total blindness
D) Minor fracture
Answer: C) Loss of both hands or total blindness
- Who is responsible for paying compensation under the Workmen’s Compensation Act?
A) Trade union
B) Employer
C) Insurance company only
D) State Government
Answer: B) Employer
- In the event of the death of a workman, the compensation must be paid to:
A) The employer
B) The trade union
C) The dependents of the deceased
D) The State
Answer: C) The dependents of the deceased
- Under the Act, a Commissioner is appointed to:
A) Impose penalties
B) Inspect factories
C) Settle claims and disputes related to compensation
D) Collect taxes
Answer: C) Settle claims and disputes related to compensation
- Which of the following is NOT included as “dependents” under the Act?
A) Minor sons and daughters
B) Widow of the deceased workman
C) Unrelated neighbors
D) Widowed mother
Answer: C) Unrelated neighbors
- The Act does not apply to:
A) Workers employed in a railway company
B) Members of the Armed Forces
C) Factory workers
D) Construction workers
Answer: B) Members of the Armed Forces
Industrial Law MCQs – Employees State Insurance Act 1948 – MCQs (With Answers)
- When was the Employees’ State Insurance Act enacted?
A) 1950
B) 1947
C) 1948
D) 1952
Answer: C) 1948
- Who is responsible for the administration of the ESI scheme?
A) Central Government
B) State Government
C) Employees’ State Insurance Corporation (ESIC)
D) Ministry of Finance
Answer: C) Employees’ State Insurance Corporation (ESIC)
- The ESI scheme is applicable to employees earning wages up to:
A) ₹10,000 per month
B) ₹15,000 per month
C) ₹21,000 per month
D) ₹25,000 per month
Answer: C) ₹21,000 per month
(Note: This limit may be revised by the government from time to time.)
- Which of the following benefits is NOT provided under the ESI scheme?
A) Medical benefit
B) Unemployment allowance
C) Maternity benefit
D) Provident Fund
Answer: D) Provident Fund
- The funding for the ESI scheme comes from:
A) Central Government only
B) Employer and employee contributions
C) Employee contribution only
D) Donations and grants
Answer: B) Employer and employee contributions
- Who is considered an “insured person” under the Act?
A) Any citizen of India
B) Any worker in a public sector company
C) An employee covered under the Act and contributing to the ESI fund
D) A government servant
Answer: C) An employee covered under the Act and contributing to the ESI fund
- The maternity benefit under the ESI Act is available for how many weeks?
A) 12 weeks
B) 16 weeks
C) 20 weeks
D) 26 weeks
Answer: D) 26 weeks (as per latest amendment, may vary)
- What is the minimum number of employees for an establishment to come under ESI coverage (in most states)?
A) 5
B) 10
C) 15
D) 20
Answer: B) 10
- Which section of the Act deals with medical benefits?
A) Section 39
B) Section 46
C) Section 25
D) Section 10
Answer: B) Section 46
- What is the contribution rate of the employee towards ESI (as of latest revision)?
A) 2% of wages
B) 0.75% of wages
C) 1.5% of wages
D) 3% of wages
Answer: B) 0.75% of wages
Industrial Law MCQs – The Payment of Bonus Act 1965 – MCQs (With Answers)
- In which year was the Payment of Bonus Act enacted?
A) 1961
B) 1963
C) 1965
D) 1972
Answer: C) 1965
- The Payment of Bonus Act applies to establishments employing how many people or more?
A) 5 or more employees
B) 10 or more employees
C) 15 or more employees
D) 20 or more employees
Answer: D) 20 or more employees
- Who is eligible for bonus under the Payment of Bonus Act, 1965?
A) Employees drawing wages up to ₹10,000 per month
B) Employees drawing wages up to ₹21,000 per month
C) All salaried employees
D) Only government employees
Answer: B) Employees drawing wages up to ₹21,000 per month
- What is the minimum bonus payable under the Act, even if the employer suffers losses?
A) 5% of salary or wages
B) 6% of salary or wages
C) 8.33% of salary or wages
D) 10% of salary or wages
Answer: C) 8.33% of salary or wages
- What is the maximum bonus payable under the Act?
A) 15%
B) 18%
C) 20%
D) 25%
Answer: C) 20%
- The bonus is payable to employees who have worked for at least how many days in a year?
A) 90 days
B) 120 days
C) 180 days
D) 240 days
Answer: B) 30 working days (Note: As per Section 8 of the Act)
- Which of the following components is excluded while calculating salary/wages for bonus calculation?
A) Basic Salary
B) Dearness Allowance
C) Overtime Wages
D) All of the above
Answer: C) Overtime Wages
- The Act is not applicable to:
A) Public Sector Undertakings
B) Government Departments
C) Private Establishments
D) Educational Institutions
Answer: B) Government Departments (unless they operate on commercial lines)
- Bonus must be paid within how many months from the close of the accounting year?
A) 6 months
B) 8 months
C) 9 months
D) 12 months
Answer: C) 8 months (extendable under special circumstances)
- The term “allocable surplus” refers to:
A) Surplus funds for employee loans
B) Available profits after tax and depreciation
C) Portion of profits allocated for bonus distribution
D) Government grant for employee welfare
Answer: C) Portion of profits allocated for bonus distribution
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