Hydrogen
Uses of heavy water:
It is used moderator is nuclear reactors
It is used as a tracer to study organic reaction mechanisms and mechanism of metabolic reactions.
It is also used as a coolant is nuclear reactors.
Uses of Deuterium:
Used as tracers in the study of mechanism of chemical reactions.
High speed deuterons are used in Artificial radioactivity.
Oxide is used as moderator in nuclear reactor to sow down the speed of fast moving neutrons.
Meaning of Hard water:
It contains high amounts of mineral ions.
Presence of soluble metal contains such as Mg, Ca, Aland Mn in the form of bicarbonate, chloride and sulphate in water makes hard water.
Meaning of Intramolecular hydrogen bond:
Intramolecular hydrogen bonds are those which occur within one single molecule this occurs between two functional groups within a molecule.
Meaning of Intermolecular hydrogen bond:
Intermolecular hydrogen bonds occur between two separate molecules.
Each water molecule is linked to four others through hydrogen bonds.
The shorter distances (100pm) correspond to covalent bonds (solid lines), and the longer distance(180 pm) correspond to hydrogen bonds (dotted lines).
Uses of hydrogen:
In the Haber process which is used to synthesis ammonia in large scales.
It can be used to manufacture the industrial solvent, methanol from carbon monoxide using copper as catalyst.
Unsaturated fatty oils can be converted into saturated fats called vanaspati (margarine) by the reduction reaction with Pt/H2.
Types of Covalent hydrides:
Electron precise hydrides.
Electron deficient hydrides.
Electron rich hydrides.
Meaning of hydrogen bond:
The polarized hydrogen atom is able to form a weak electrostatic interaction with another electronegative atom present in the vicinity. This interaction is called as a hydrogen bond.
Meaning of Ionic hydrides:
Ionic hydrides formed by combining alkali and alkaline earth metals with hydrogen by transferring of electron from the metal atom.
Meaning of Interstitial:
It is obtained by hydrogenation of metals and alloys in which hydrogen occupies the interstitial sites.
The Hybrides show properties similar to parent metals and hence they are also know as Metallic hybrides.
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